Types of communication media in networking

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 Types of communication media in networking

Definition:

For data to be transmitted from one location to another, some pathways or mediums must be used. These pathways are called communication channels. These are used for sharing and transmission of data for multiple types of media. The multiple files have a different type of data.
Types of communication media:
There are two types of communication media which are as follow:

  1. Guided Media

It refers to channels that allow the transmission of data through physical media. These are also known as BOUNDED MEDIA. These different cables are used for connecting or transmitting data and information.

Twisted Pair

The telephone lines are used to carry most of the voice and data communications consist of a pair of thin-diameter insulted copper wires it is called twisted pairs. The wires are twisted around with one another to minimize interference of transmission from other twisted pairs in the cable. Twisted pairs have fewer bandwidths than coaxial cable or optical fiber. They have been the standard communication channels for voice, data, and information, but are now diminishing because of lots more reliable media such as coaxial media, optical fiber, microwave, or satellite.

Types of Twisted Pair Cable:

There are two types of twisted pair cable.

1. shielded twisted pair cable

It is a cable that contains the mesh surrounding the wire that allows the higher transmission rate.

Advantages:

  1. It is very easy to install.
  2. It has a higher capacity than another type of cable
  3. It is low in cost

Disadvantages:

  1. It has a higher rate
  2. It is more expensive

2. Unshielded Twisted Pair

It is mostly used for LAN networks. They are also used for low data transmission rates.

Advantages:

  1. It is smaller in size
  2. It is very thin
  3. It is designed to EMI and cross talk
  4. It is less expensive

Disadvantages:

1. It is used in cable segments of 100-meter wire
2. It does not compare cables imperviously

Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable can be used for telephone lines systems for transmission system at a very high frequency. Coaxial cable consists of a single core of solid copper wire. A coaxial cable can handle 80 times as many telephone transmission as a twisted pair cable. Many computers in local area networks are linked by coaxial cables. Because of its sturdiness, coaxial cable is often used for telephone lines that must be carried underwater. Because coaxial cable has very little distortion and is less to interference, they have low error rates of transmission. The coaxial cable contains from four to twenty-two coaxial units that are known as Tubes.

Advantages:

  1. It is easy to locate.
  2. It is very rugged
  3. It has a high bandwidth
  4. It is very easy to install.

Disadvantages:

  1. coaxial cable is very expensive 
  2. Its major disadvantage is that it is very bulky
  • Fiber-Optic  Cable
A fiber-optics cable consists of tubes of glass through which data are transmitted as pulses of light. It consists of thin glass fibers that can carry all kinds of information at frequencies in the visible light spectrum and beyond. The typical optical fiber consists of a very narrow strand of glass for transmission of data called the Core. Around the core is a concentric layer called the Cladding. The typical diameter is 62.5 microns. Typically Cladding has a diameter of 125 microns. Coating the cladding is a protective coating consisting of plastic that is a transmission media, it is called the Jacket.
An important characteristic of fiber-optics is Refraction. Refraction is the characteristic of a material to either pass or reflects light. When light passes through a medium, it "bends" as it passes from one medium to another.
EXAMPLE:
An example is this when we look into a pond of water. Although a fiber-optic cable is diametrically smaller than a human hair, it has 26000 times the transmission capacity of a twisted pair cable

Advantages:

  1. It has a much greater bandwidth 
  2. It has a low power loss
  3. Its weight is very less
  4. It is very flexibility

Disadvantages:

  1. It carries a lot of conveniences
  2. It is much fragile.
    Unguided Media
    It refers to those channels that transmit data and information in the form of waves. Unguided transmission media consists of a means for the data signals to travel but nothing to guide them along a specific path to transfer the data in different forms. The data signals are not bound to a cabling media so that data can not be sent and it corrupted. and are therefore often called unbound media. The atmosphere and space are examples of unguided media such as microwave, or satellite.

    Types of Unguided Media.

    • Microwave
    Microwave data transmission differs from the previously mentioned communications channels in that data is transmitted through the air instead of through cables or wires. Microwaves are high-frequency radio waves that can only be directed in straight lines. Consequently occurring within the limits of particularity or community. For microwave transmission to be able to occur over the largest distances, data messages must be relayed from pone location to another location using antennas places at high altitudes usually twenty to thirty miles apart.
    • Satellite
    Instead of antennas, satellites can also be used to transfer microwave(any kind of data) messages from one location to another. Satellites rotate approximately 23,300 miles above the earth in precise locations of totally work. Satellites transmission stations that can both send and receive messages are known as earth stations. 
    Satellites Communications is the generic term for communication is satellite. Transmitting a signal back at earth station up to a satellite and then receiving that signal back at the earth. The satellite does not have to be a huge expensive array of electronics to maintain the transmission rate of data

    Advantages:

    A major advantage of satellite transmission of any type of data is that large volumes of data can be communicated at once.

    Disadvantages:

    A particular drawback is bad weather can severely affect the quality of satellite transmission.

    Mobile Communication

    It is a radio-based network that transmits data to and from a mobile computer. The computer can be connected to the network through wired ports or through a wireless connection

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