Principle Of Operating System notes

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 Principle Of Operating System notes

Operating System Overview:


operating-system-window


An operating system is system software that provides an interface for the user to interact with the computer network system. Without a computer Operating system, a computer system would be unuse. The purpose of an operating system is to organize any kind of data or document and control hardware and software components so that the devices it manages to behave in a flexible but predictable in a different way.

Types Of Operating System:

Windows Operating systems are classified on the basis of various features such as user interface interaction, how many tasks they can perform at a time, and how many processors they can support in the computer system, etc. On the basis of user interaction, there are two types of operating systems.
  • GUI (Graphical User Interface)
  • Command Line Operating System

Graphical User Interface:

A GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system provides a graphical user interface to establish the user communication with the computer. The user does not require memorizing commands to perform various, different, and specific tasks such as copying a file, opening a document, printing a spreadsheet, etc. The user uses graphical objects to perform different tasks. He or she just requires recognizing various graphical user interface objects and tasks that can be performed with them.

Examples:

Examples of the GUI operating system are Windows, Linux, and Solaris, etc.

Command Line Operating System:

A command-line operating system provides a command prompt to the user interface for typing different commands to interact with the computer system. The user needs to memorize commands to perform different tasks about anyone 

Examples:

Examples of Command operating systems are DOS, Unix, etc.

Purpose of Operating System:

At the simplest level, There are two basic purposes of an operating system:
  • It manages the hardware resources and software resources of the computer network system. These resources include the processor, memory, disk space, and many other items, etc.
  • It provides a stable, consistent way for an application's computer network systems to deal with the hardware component without having to know all the details of the hardware components of the computer system.

Starting to Use Windows Operating System:

Windows is a GUI operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation on computer history. It is widely used in businesses, educational institutes i.e: colleges, schools and universities, and research organizations. The first successful series of Windows was the Windows 3.x series. Windows 3.x was not an operating system; it was rather an operating system environment providing a GUI that runs on top of DOS
In 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95, a complete network operating system for personal computers PC.

Objects of Window Operating System:


Windows consists of a number of graphical objects, which act as an interface between the user and the computer. It controls the overall working of the computer system, manages system resources, and provides a multitasking environment for the user to perform more than one task at the same time.
 The following are the basic components of the Windows Operating System
  • Desktop:
The on-screen work area on which windows of computer systems, icons, menus, and dialog boxes appear is called desktop. The desktop is actually the entering point in Windows operating system. The first (1st) object that you see on starting windows is the desktop or main screen.
  • My Computer:
On Windows Desktop, you will see an icon captioned My Computer. While installing windows, you divide the hard disk into multiple partitions where you save your data or any kind of information; each one is referred to as a drive. When you double-click the My Computer icon, it shows all drives on your system including a floppy disk.
  • Recycle bin:
You may create new folders and files on any drive of the computer system. It may be required to delete them. Rather Windows maintains a storage area on the hard disk for storing the deleted items.
This storage space is known as a Recycle Bin.
  • My Documents:
It is a folder created by the Windows operating system on installation time. It is the default folder for storing different kinds of documents at any type of data or information.
  • Windows Explorer:
Windows Explorer acts as a directory browser and File Manager for Windows operating system. It is an efficient way of locating and manage files on your computer.
  • Internet Explorer:
Internet Explorer is a web browser that is launched with Microsoft Windows Operating System. It is used to surf internet explorer.
  • The window:
The most important feature of the Windows operating system is the window. This is the basic building block of all graphical interface objects in the Microsoft Windows operating system. Windows view most of the graphical objects as a window such as Button, menu, and toolbar, etc are treated as a separate window.
  • Control Panel:
Control Panel is the place where you can perform system management tasks such as installing or installing new hardware devices, managing system resources through administrative tools.
  • Start Button:
The start button is the gateway to accessing most of the programs installed on the computer. You can start any program by just making a mouse click, can open or find documents, can change windows settings, can get help, can manage files, can maintain the system, and can do much more.

Feature of Window

Microsoft Windows is a complete operating system. Their initial versions were lacking computer network support but almost all of the latest versions are providing computer networking features. 
We shall consider Windows 2000 while discussing features of the Windows Operating System.

  • Multitasking:

The capability of an operating system to load multiple programs or any kind of data into memory at one time and to perform two or more processes concurrently, such as printing a document editing another is known as multitasking.
Windows 2000 is a multitasking operating system. It let you execute multiple tasks or documents at one time. And it responds to all tasks so quickly that a seems to be paying full attention to every task.

  • Multiprocessing:

Windows 2000 provides multiprocessing capability. It is capable of supporting and utilizing two or more microprocessors in a computer. The processors work on different components in parallel. As a result, the assigned task is completed in a considerably short interval of time as compared to a single processing environment.

  • Multi-User Operating System:

Windows 2000 is a multi-user operating system. 

  • Plug and Play:
Plug and play refer to a set of specifications that allow a computer to automatically detect and configure a device, and install the appropriate device drivers.

Windows 2000 is equipped with this feature. There are a number of devices launched with Windows 2000, so you don't need to install drivers for many devices, Windows itself choose an appropriate one for you.

  • Networking:

Windows 2000 is equipped with full networking support. It provides features for establishing, maintaining, and troubleshooting a network.






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